Text description provided by the architects. With the rapid development of Shenzhen, the urban population has increased rapidly. There were 17.56 million in 2021. At the same time, there is a huge deficit of places. The citywide first-year elementary school seat gap was 49,500, and the first-year middle school seat gap was 10,600 in 2020. The high density of urban building land has also led to a shortage of land for the construction of primary schools. and secondary schools. There is a glaring contradiction between the lack of places and the lack of land for building schools.
Building land “in the original special zone” in Shenzhen has experienced “zero growth” or even “negative growth” for many years, while the scale of building land “outside the special zone” “original” in Bao’an, Longgang, Guangming, Pingshan, and other places have become smaller and smaller year by year. Since 2017, the construction of primary and secondary schools has become a hot topic in society. For example, under the “Futian 8+1 New Campus Program” and other activities, new breakthroughs and possibilities in campus design under the above contradiction have been explored. Longhua District is also exploring in this direction.
Fucheng Experimental School of Longhua District, Shenzhen (formerly known as “Xianwu School”) is located in the northern part of Xianwu Old Village, Guanlan Bureau, Longhua District. There is Yuexing Road to the north and planned roads to the east and south. To the north of this property is the new village of Shijing Group 1. To the south is a wasteland. To the west is the “Xianwu Building” consisting of two high-rise residential buildings. The base is rectangular. On the north side of the land is the flood drainage channel along Yuexing Road. The land is low in the north and high in the south. The height difference is approximately 5 meters. The project has an area of 12,192.46㎡, a total construction area of 28,694.93㎡, a plot ratio of 1.956, and a coverage rate of 24.40%. Among them, the above-ground building area is 17,087.41㎡ and the underground building area is 11,607.52㎡. There are a total of 81 underground parking spaces and 268 surface bicycle parking spaces.
1. Origin of the school, courtyard under the tree. In ancient times in China, “Confucius taught on the apricot altar”, gathered apprentices and taught them in the apricot forest. American architect Louis Kahn also mentioned that “schools originated from one person sitting under a tree and discussing his understanding with a group of people.” In this design, the concepts of “big tree” and “courtyard” are introduced, four courtyard spaces with many layers and their sense of enclosure are emphasized, and the traditional “academy” style similar to that of “Yuelu Academy ” is created.
2. Future school and resource sharing. In this design, the “resource sharing” planning model of the “future school” is used. The difference in height of the land is used to form a platform 5.1 meters high. It has academic sharing functions such as professional classrooms, combined teaching classrooms, micro-teaching rooms and libraries, forming an “Academic Center” shared between primary and secondary schools; above the platform is the “Teaching Center” mainly for general education, which is connected to the “Academic Center”; and the teachers’ dormitory is raised on the north side of the “Teaching Center”, forming with the canteen a relatively independent and quiet “life center”. The “Cultural and Sports Center” consisting of a gymnasium, a multifunctional room and others is located in a semi-basement at an altitude of -5.1 meters and vertically connected to the ground functions. The 4 centers maintain their independence and maintain a close “sharing” relationship.
3. Group teaching and activity in the neighborhood. The project is a systemic nine-year school with 27 classes. Our arrangement is as follows. A group is made up of 3 classes in each level. There are three groups on each floor. Among them, the middle school group is located on the south side, while the primary school group combined with some vocational classrooms is located in two courtyards to the north. The remaining vocational classrooms are arranged in three “S”-shaped groups along the north, east and west sides. Primary and secondary schools can use nearby vocational classrooms. On the large and small dispersed activity platforms, students can carry out recreational activities in the neighborhood without going up or down.
4. An open cultural and sporting space serves the community. Functions such as indoor stadium, swimming pool, multi-functional hall, library and moral education exhibition hall are located at an altitude of -5.1 meters, forming a centralized and independent “Cultural and Sports Center”. . Among them, sports facilities are located on the northeast side. An independent entrance hall is set up at the north entrance to facilitate opening to the community on weekends and public holidays. The cultural facilities are located on the southwest side, thus facilitating the connection with the “Teaching Center”.
5. The courtyards are open and closed and the walks are interesting. The 4 courtyards can be divided into “inner courtyard” and “outer courtyard”. The interior courtyard serves the teaching space, creating a rich and active environment. The outdoor courtyard faces the green space of the park and the sports field, offering views of the landscape. Combined with the steps and stairs arranged in the courtyard, the surrounding landscape is highlighted to the maximum, providing children with an interesting activity platform.
6. Shelter from sun and rain, Lingnan style. The open floor connecting the entire school connects to the southern entrance plaza with an elevation of 5.1 meters and is located between the “Academic Center” and the “Teaching Center”, providing teachers and students a shelter from the sun and rain suitable for the hot, humid and rainy climate in the south. The layout of the exterior corridor, raised ground floor, large overhanging eaves and enclosed courtyard suitably responds to the climate of Lingnan; and the pale dominant tone decorates the colorful wall, showing the youthful and bouncy campus style.
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